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1、原理

電解的概念 使(shi)電流通過(guo)電解質溶液而(er)在陰、陽(yang)兩極引起(qi)氧化還原(yuan)反應的過(guo)程叫做(zuo)電解。

2、構成電解池的條件

（1）直流電源。

（2）兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。其中(zhong)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)正極(ji)相(xiang)連的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)叫做陽極(ji)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)負(fu)極(ji)相(xiang)連的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)叫做陰(yin)極(ji)。

（3）電解質(zhi)溶液或熔融(rong)態電解質(zhi)。

（4）電(dian)解(jie)質導電(dian)的實質對(dui)電(dian)解(jie)質溶(rong)液(ye)（或(huo)熔融態電(dian)解(jie)質）通電(dian)時，電(dian)子(zi)(zi)從電(dian)源的負(fu)極沿導線流入電(dian)解(jie)池的陰(yin)極，電(dian)解(jie)質的陽離(li)子(zi)(zi)移向陰(yin)極得電(dian)子(zi)(zi)發生(sheng)還原反應；

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)陰離子移向(xiang)陽(yang)極失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子（有(you)的(de)(de)(de)是組(zu)成陽(yang)極的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)原(yuan)子失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子）發生(sheng)氧化反(fan)應，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)池的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極流出，并沿導(dao)線(xian)流回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)極。這樣，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)（或(huo)(huo)熔融態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)）里陰、陽(yang)離子的(de)(de)(de)定向(xiang)移動(dong)而通(tong)過(guo)溶液(ye)（或(huo)(huo)熔融態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)），所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)（或(huo)(huo)熔融態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)）的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)，就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)（或(huo)(huo)熔融態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)過(guo)程(cheng)。

3、技術指標：